14-7 IMMORTAL COMPANIONS IN THE BLESSED LAND: WEN JIA’S VISION OF A CELESTIAL PARADISE
Author : Zhu Wanzhang 朱万章 (Trans: Giacomo Bruni)
Page Range : p.82-97
Affiliation : 中国国家博物馆研究馆员,香港故宫文化博物馆研究员及中国社会科学院大学历史学院外聘教师
Abstract
This article, translated from Chinese, examines how the Ming painter Wen Jia (1501–1583), second son of the Wu School master Wen Zhengming, repeatedly depicted the blessed lands of immortals in his mountain and water paintings. Through close readings of Immortal Companions on Yingzhou (National Palace Museum, Taipei) and Streamside Pavilion in Mountain Colors (Nanjing Museum), together with their inscribed poems, the author shows how Wen Jia constructed spiritual sanctuaries detached from the mundane world. The first work closely follows his father’s narrow vertical compositions and even transcribes a quatrain by Wen Zhengming, while the second reveals a personal style with the sparse elegance of Ni Zan; its inscription also allows a misprint in Bian Yongyu’s Shigutang compendium to be corrected. Drawing on records by Li Rihua, Wang Keyu, Lu Shihua and Tao Liang and on later poems, the author documents further lost works on immortal themes. He attributes this preoccupation to the literati ideal of withdrawal, to Daoist influence and to Wen Jia’s own character, and notes Li Rihua’s view that painters nourished by “mist and clouds” enjoyed long lives.
Keywords
Wen Jia; Wu School; immortal realms; literati painting; Ming dynasty
摘要
本文由朱万章撰写、经布鲁尼(Giacomo Bruni)译为英文,探讨明代画家文嘉(1501–1583)——吴门画派领袖文征明次子——如何在其山水画中反复描绘仙侣福地。作者细读《瀛洲仙侣图》(台北故宫博物院藏)与《溪亭山色图》(南京博物院藏)及其题诗,说明文嘉如何营造远离尘嚣的精神净土。前者沿袭其父窄长立轴的构图,题诗甚至直接录自文征明《莆田集》;后者则显露个人面目,具倪云林疏淡清远之致,其题诗还可用以订正卞永誉《式古堂书画汇考》中的误字。作者并据李日华、汪珂玉、陆时化、陶梁等人的著录及后人题诗,考察文嘉其他以仙境为题的佚作。文章将这一题材取向归因于文人的隐逸理想、道家思想的浸润及文嘉本人的性情,并引述李日华关于画家受“画中烟云供养”而得享高寿之说。
关键词
文嘉; 吴门画派; 仙山福地; 文人画; 明代
