11-4 THE “WAY” IN DAODEJING AND SHŌBŌGENZŌ
Author : Hua Zhenzhou
Page Range : p.46-59
This article examines the concept of the Dao, or Way, in Laozi’s Daodejing and in Dōgen’s Shōbōgenzō, in order to clarify the shared ground and the differences between Daoism and Chan (Zen) Buddhism. The author first analyses the character 道, composed of “walking” and “head”, and its senses of moving, process and speaking, and recalls the opening line of the Daodejing, rendered by Léon Wieger as “the constant principle is not the principle that can be stated”. The Dao is presented as both transcendent and immanent, unnameable yet present in everything, and grounded in the transformation (bianhua) of yin and yang, which form a single system of indeterminacy rather than a dualism. A comparison with Michelangelo Pistoletto’s “Third Paradise” highlights that Daoism admits no third mediating element. The article then traces the rise of Chan, which absorbed Daoist spontaneity, and Dōgen’s teaching that each step of practice contains the whole path. The author concludes that Dōgen’s Way moves from lived experience towards self-awareness, whereas Laozi’s Dao moves from daily life towards the universal, and that Buddhism allowed the Daoist Way to flourish.
Dao; Daodejing; Shōbōgenzō; Dōgen; Chan Buddhism
本文探讨老子《道德经》与道元《正法眼藏》中的“道”这一概念,以厘清道家与禅宗之间的共通之处与差异。作者首先分析“道”字由“行走”与“首”构成,兼有运行、过程与言说之义,并引述《道德经》首句“道可道,非常道”及戴遂良(Léon Wieger)“可言之理非恒常之理”的译法。文章指出,道既超越又内在,不可名状却无所不在,其根本在于阴阳的“变化”;阴阳并非二元对立,而是一个不确定的、相互转化的统一体系。作者将其与米开朗基罗·皮斯特莱托的“第三天堂”相比较,强调道家并不存在第三种中介元素。文章继而梳理禅宗的兴起——它吸收了道家的自然与自发精神——以及道元“每一步皆含全程”的修行观。作者认为,道元之道由生活体验通向自我觉知,老子之道则由日常生活走向普遍;佛教使道家之道得以进一步绽放。